After the economic liberalization of 1991, Uttar Pradesh saw rapid industrial growth. Many industries have been established, such as cement plants in Mirzapur, a bauxite-based aluminum plant in Banda and Sonbhadra regions, and the sugarcane and handloom industries spread across various parts of the state.
Importance of Uttar Pradesh in India’s Economy
As per the Economic Survey 2017-18, Uttar Pradesh contributes 24% to the Indian economy. This makes it the largest industrial state in India. Key industrial regions include Kanpur, Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Aligarh, and Agra. The southern part of the state is known as the “Energy Capital of India.”
Major Industries in Uttar Pradesh
Overview
Industries in Uttar Pradesh are primarily based on agriculture, forests, and minerals. The handloom industry is one of the largest in the state.
Agriculture and Forest-Based Industries
Key industries: Sugar, textile, wooden, and furniture industries.
1. Sugar Industry
- Vital role: The sugar industry is crucial to the rural economy and is the largest agro-based industry in India.
- Uttar Pradesh’s dominance: The state ranks first in sugar production in the country.
- History: The first sugar mill in Uttar Pradesh was established in 1903 in Pratappur, Deoria.
- Major companies: Balrampur Chini Mills Limited, Bajaj Hindustan Limited, and Dhampur Sugar Mills (Bijnor).
- Key regions: Western Uttar Pradesh, particularly Muzaffarnagar district, has the highest number of sugar mills.
- Other products: The state also ranks first in Gurh (Jaggery) production.
- Institutions supporting the sugar industry:
- Sugarcane Development Board (1948-49)
- Uttar Pradesh Cooperative Sugar Factories Federation (1963)
- Lal Bahadur Shastri Sugar Peasant Institute, Lucknow (1975)
2. Textile Industry
- Ranking: Uttar Pradesh is the third-largest producer in the cotton textile industry.
- Main centers: Kanpur, Agra, Meerut, Bareilly, Ghaziabad, and Hathras.
- Nicknames: Kanpur is often called the “Manchester of the East” due to its large number of textile mills.
3. Woolen Textile Industry
- Key locations: Kanpur and Mirzapur.
- Products: Blankets are mainly produced in Muzaffarnagar, Nazibabad, and Meerut.
- History: The first woolen textile industry in Uttar Pradesh was established in 1876 in Kanpur.
4. Carpet or Dari Works Industry
- Famous centers: Bareilly, Agra, Aligarh, Sitapur, and Mirzapur.
- Products: Carpets and durries.
Handloom Industry
The handloom industry in Uttar Pradesh is ancient and includes cotton cloth, silk, woolen blankets, and carpets. Major centers include Meerut, Deoband, Tanda, Barabanki, and Mau.
1. Key Programs to Support Handloom
- Deen Dayal Handloom Encouragement Scheme (2000-01)
- Mahatma Gandhi Weavers Insurance Scheme (by the Government of India)
Silk Industry
- Main centers: Varanasi, Kanpur, Modinagar, and Etawah.
- Products: Primarily mulberry silk; Banarasi silk sarees are world-famous.
- Research and Development Centers:
- Mulberry Silk Research and Development Center in Subhagpur (Gonda)
- Tassar Silk Research and Development Center in Sonbhadra
Wooden and Furniture Industry
- Key centers: Hathras, Saharanpur, and Bareilly.
- Specialty products: Wooden toys in Lucknow and wooden sticks in Bareilly.
Mineral-Based Industries
These industries include aluminum, glass, cement, and chemical industries.
1. Aluminum Industry
- Major location: Mirzapur district.
- Key company: Hindustan Aluminum Corporation Limited (HINDALCO) in Renukoot, Sonbhadra.
2. Glass Industry
- Leading centers: Firozabad, Saharanpur, Hathras, and Makhanpur.
- Products: Firozabad is famous for glass bangles.
3. Cement Industry
- Key locations: Sonbhadra, Mirzapur, Raebareli, and Jhansi.
- Ranking: Uttar Pradesh ranks 9th in India in cement production.
Other Important Industries
1. Leather Industry
- Main center: Kanpur, with other centers in Agra, Lucknow, and Meerut.
- Significance: Uttar Pradesh is the 2nd largest producer of leather products after Tamil Nadu.
2. IT Industry
- Major hubs: Noida and Lucknow.
Summary of Industries and Their Locations
| Industry | Main Locations |
|---|---|
| Agricultural Equipments | Agra, Aligarh, Meerut, Kanpur, Lucknow |
| Leather Industry | Kanpur, Agra, Lucknow, Bareilly, Meerut |
| IT Industry | Noida, Lucknow |
| Textile Industry | Kanpur, Agra, Meerut, Ghaziabad, Varanasi |
| Glass Industry | Firozabad, Saharanpur, Hathras, Makhanpur |
Key Information:
- Kanpur is known as the “Manchester of the East”.
- Mirzapur is famous for aluminum manufacturing.
- Firozabad is renowned for its glass bangles.
- Banarasi silk sarees from Varanasi are world-famous.
Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in Uttar Pradesh
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are created to develop industries and transform Uttar Pradesh into a major industrial hub. Key developments in this area include:
- 2002: The Uttar Pradesh Special Economic Development Authority Act was passed.
- 2007: The Uttar Pradesh Special Economic Zone Policy (Ahmedabad) was introduced.
As of December 2016, Uttar Pradesh had:
- 24 formally approved SEZs
- 1 theoretically approved SEZ
- 19 notified SEZs
- 11 active SEZs
Some notable SEZs in Uttar Pradesh include:
- Noida Special Economic Zone (NSEZ)
- Established: 1985
- Significance: The only export processing zone in Northern India and one of the highest-ranked SEZs in the country.
- Moradabad Special Economic Zone (MSEZ)
- Established: 2003
- Location: Pakbar-Dingarpur road, Moradabad
- Specialty: Provides infrastructure and services tailored for the handicraft industry.
- Kanpur Special Economic Zone (KSEZ)
- Location: Near Unnao district border
- Focus: Leather goods industry
- EPCH Special Economic Zone
- Established: 1986-87 by the Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH)
- Purpose: To promote, support, and increase the export of handicrafts.
Small Scale Industries and MSMEs in Uttar Pradesh
- Small Scale Industries (SSIs): These are industrial undertakings with a fixed investment in plant and machinery.
- MSME Development Institutes: Located in Kanpur, Agra, Prayagraj, and Varanasi.
- MSME & Export Promotion Department: Focuses on the state’s economic development, with goals like:
- 12% annual growth in MSMEs
- Doubling exports in 5 years
- Establishing MSME units in Bundelkhand and Purvanchal for maximum employment
Key Industrial Policies in Uttar Pradesh
- Industrial and Infrastructure Policy, 2012
- Benefits: Exemptions on stamp duty, subsidies, and other incentives.
- Support: Escort services, single-window clearances, and 24-hour power supply.
- Food Processing Industrial Policy, 2012
- Goals: Promoting food processing industries, fair pricing for growers, employment generation, and reducing post-harvest losses.
- Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy, 2017
- Objectives:
- Increase capital investment
- Provide quality infrastructure
- Promote balanced and inclusive economic development
- Encourage innovation and entrepreneurship among youth
Major Industrial Corporations and Institutes in Uttar Pradesh
- Uttar Pradesh Small Industries Corporation Limited: Established in 1958.
- Uttar Pradesh Khadi Village Industries Board: Established in 1960.
- Uttar Pradesh Export Corporation: Established in 1966, headquartered in Lucknow.
- Uttar Pradesh Textile Corporation: Established in 1969.
- Uttar Pradesh State Handloom Corporation: Established in 1973 in Kanpur.
- Uttar Pradesh Electronic Corporation: Established in 1976 in Lucknow.
Industrial Authorities in Uttar Pradesh
- New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA): Established in 1976, part of the NCR of India.
- Satharia Industrial Development Authority: Established in 1989 in Jaunpur.
- Gorakhpur Industrial Development Authority (GIDA): Established in 1998 in Gorakhpur.
- Yamuna ExpressWay Industrial Development Authority: Established in 2001.
- Lucknow Industrial Development Authority: Established in 2005, headquartered in Lucknow.
- UP ExpressWay Industrial Development Authority: Established in 2007.
Important Central Establishments in Uttar Pradesh
- Diesel Locomotive Factory: Varanasi
- Fertilizer Factories: Gorakhpur, Allahabad
- Hindustan Aeronautics Limited: Lucknow, Kanpur
- Oil Refinery: Mathura
- Scooters India Limited: Lucknow
Industrial Corporation Authorities in Uttar Pradesh
Introduction
Uttar Pradesh (UP) is one of the most industrially developed states in India. Several industrial corporations and initiatives have been established by the state government to boost industrial growth. Below, we’ll explore these organizations and initiatives, which are crucial for students preparing for Uttar Pradesh government exams.
Uttar Pradesh Financial Corporation (UPFC) Limited
Establishment: 1954
Purpose: UPFC was established under the State Financial Corporation Act, 1951, with its head office in Kanpur. It plays a vital role in providing term loan assistance to small and medium-scale industries in the state.
Significance: Many small units supported by UPFC have now grown into large enterprises, contributing significantly to the state’s economy.
Uttar Pradesh Industrial Cooperative Association Limited (UPICAL)
Establishment: 1952
Head Office: Kanpur
Purpose: UPICAL was set up by the Government of Uttar Pradesh to support small entities, particularly those involved in textile fabric works. It primarily focuses on encouraging smaller entrepreneurs to grow their businesses.
Uttar Pradesh Small Industries Corporation (UPSIC) Limited
Establishment: 1958
Head Office: Kanpur
Ownership: Wholly owned by the Uttar Pradesh State Government
Purpose: UPSIC was established under the Company Law Act of 1956 and has been leading various initiatives to promote industrialization in the state. It plays a key role in supporting the growth of small industries.
Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC)
Establishment: 1961
Headquarters: Kanpur
Purpose: UPSIDC is the premier agency for industrial promotion and infrastructure development in Uttar Pradesh. One of its primary objectives is to develop industrial areas and provide the necessary infrastructure to industries.
Key Responsibilities of UPSIDC:
- Developing industrial areas
- Providing primary infrastructure
- Supporting industrial ventures across the state
Uttar Pradesh Export Corporation (UPEC) Limited
Establishment: 1966
Head Office: Lucknow
Purpose: UPEC was established to organize and facilitate the export of handicrafts, handlooms, and other products from Uttar Pradesh with export potential. In 1971, the Uttar Pradesh Government Handicrafts were also transferred to UPEC, enhancing its role in the export sector.
Uttar Pradesh Handicrafts Development and Marketing Corporation (UPHDMC) Limited
Establishment: 1966
Purpose: The main objective of UPHDMC is to promote and market handicrafts from Uttar Pradesh within India and internationally. It provides marketing support to artisans through a chain of showrooms named Gangotri located in major cities.
Pradeshiya Industrial and Investment Corporation of Uttar Pradesh (PICUP)
Establishment: 1972
Head Office: Lucknow
Purpose: PICUP functions as an industrial development bank, offering long-term loans to large and medium industries in Uttar Pradesh. It has transformed Uttar Pradesh from an agrarian state into a preferred business destination.
Institute of Entrepreneurship Development of Uttar Pradesh (IEDUP)
Establishment: 1986
Location: Lucknow
Purpose: IEDUP is a leading institute in entrepreneurship promotion and human resource development. It was the first state-level institution for entrepreneurship development in Uttar Pradesh, supported by IDBI, IFCI, ICICI, SBI, and PNB.
Uttar Pradesh State Leather Development and Marketing Corporation (UPSLDMC)
Establishment: 1974
Location: Agra
Purpose: UPSLDMC focuses on promoting the manufacturing of shoes and boots, particularly supporting the leather industry in Uttar Pradesh.
Uttar Pradesh Electronics Corporation Ltd. (UPECL)
Establishment: 1979
Head Office: Kanpur (with offices in Lucknow and Ghaziabad)
Purpose: UPECL, a state government company, focuses on promoting and developing the electronics industry in Uttar Pradesh.
Government Initiatives in Uttar Pradesh for Industrial Development
Nivesh Mitra
Nivesh Mitra is an online portal launched by the Government of Uttar Pradesh to assist entrepreneurs in setting up businesses. It provides a seamless interface to facilitate faster approvals and a hassle-free experience for both existing and prospective investors.
Udyog Bandhu
Udyog Bandhu is a state government organization dedicated to facilitating investment in industrial and service sectors in Uttar Pradesh. It helps solve problems faced by industries and aims to make Uttar Pradesh a preferred investment destination.
Greenfield Integrated Township Projects
The Government of Uttar Pradesh has launched projects like the Trans Ganga Project and another at Naini, Allahabad, to develop integrated townships in the state.
Plastic City
Located in Auraiya, Plastic City is being developed with GAIL as the primary supplier of raw materials, focusing on the plastic manufacturing industry.
Gold Card and Silver Card Scheme
The Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) issues Gold and Silver cards to exporters. These cards provide several benefits, such as priority in government work and easy access to senior officials of the state government.
Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
Launched in 2008, PMEGP aims to empower first-generation entrepreneurs by helping them set up micro-enterprises across India.
Conclusion
These industrial corporations and government initiatives play a crucial role in the economic development of Uttar Pradesh. Understanding them is essential for students preparing for Uttar Pradesh government exams, as they provide insight into the state’s industrial landscape and economic policies.
Quick Facts Table
| Organization | Year of Establishment | Headquarters | Primary Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh Financial Corporation (UPFC) | 1954 | Kanpur | Term loan assistance to small and medium industries |
| Uttar Pradesh Industrial Cooperative Association (UPICAL) | 1952 | Kanpur | Support for textile and small entrepreneurs |
| Uttar Pradesh Small Industries Corporation (UPSIC) | 1958 | Kanpur | Promotion of small industries |
| Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC) | 1961 | Kanpur | Infrastructure development |
| Uttar Pradesh Export Corporation (UPEC) | 1966 | Lucknow | Export of handicrafts and handlooms |
| Uttar Pradesh Handicrafts Development and Marketing Corporation (UPHDMC) | 1966 | Various cities | Promotion and marketing of handicrafts |
| Pradeshiya Industrial and Investment Corporation of Uttar Pradesh (PICUP) | 1972 | Lucknow | Industrial development loans |
| Institute of Entrepreneurship Development of Uttar Pradesh (IEDUP) | 1986 | Lucknow | Entrepreneurship promotion |
| Uttar Pradesh State Leather Development and Marketing Corporation (UPSLDMC) | 1974 | Agra | Leather industry promotion |
| Uttar Pradesh Electronics Corporation Ltd. (UPECL) | 1979 | Kanpur, Lucknow, Ghaziabad | Electronics industry promotion |
FAQs
Q1: Which state is the largest producer of sugar in India?
ANSWER: Uttar Pradesh
Q2: In which district of Uttar Pradesh is the highest number of sugar mills located?
ANSWER: Muzaffarnagar
Q3: Where was the first woollen industry established in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Kanpur
Q4: Which city in Uttar Pradesh is known for manufacturing silk sarees?
ANSWER: Varanasi
Q5: For what is Varanasi famous?
ANSWER: Silk sarees
Q6: Which are the important centres for cricket bats and other playing goods in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Meerut and Agra
Q7: Which district in Uttar Pradesh is famous for the aluminium industry?
ANSWER: Mirzapur
Q8: Where is HINDALCO located in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Sonbhadra
Q9: Which city in Uttar Pradesh is famous for the glass industry?
ANSWER: Firozabad
Q10: Which city in Uttar Pradesh has no glass factory?
ANSWER: Amethi
Q11: Which city in Uttar Pradesh does the maximum export of brass?
ANSWER: Moradabad
Q12: In which city was the first paper industry in Uttar Pradesh established?
ANSWER: Lucknow
Q13: For what is Chunar famous?
ANSWER: Cement industry
Q14: In which district is the famous Cement Factory Chunar and Kajrahat located?
ANSWER: Mirzapur
Q15: Which district in Uttar Pradesh is famous for leather goods?
ANSWER: Agra and Kanpur
Q16: Which is the main centre for clay toy manufacturing in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Agra
Q17: Which district in Uttar Pradesh is famous for chikankari and zari work?
ANSWER: Lucknow
Q18: In which district of Uttar Pradesh is the major matchbox industry situated?
ANSWER: Bareilly
Q19: Which Special Economic Zone in Uttar Pradesh aims to promote and increase the export of handicrafts?
ANSWER: EPCH SEZ
Q20: When was the Export Corporation of Uttar Pradesh established?
ANSWER: 20th January, 1966
Q21: In which year was PICUP established by the Uttar Pradesh Government?
ANSWER: 1972
Q22: Where is the Diesel Locomotive Works situated in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Varanasi
Q23: Where is the oil refinery factory located in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Mathura
Q24: Where is the Institute of Entrepreneurship Development of Uttar Pradesh headquartered?
ANSWER: Lucknow
Q25: Where is ‘The Electronic City’ going to be established in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Noida
Q26: Is Kannauj known as the city of perfume and does everyone have a perfume industry there?
ANSWER: A is right but R is wrong
Q27: What is the function of the Single Window Clearance Department in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Industrial Approval Codes
Q28: Which pair is not correct?
ANSWER: Bangles industry – Shajahanpur
Q29: Which pair is not correct?
ANSWER: Fertilizer Factory – Lucknow
Q30: Where is the sugar industry located?
ANSWER: Dhampur
Q31: Where is the pipe industry located in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Ghaziabad
Q32: Where is the leather shoes industry located in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Saharanpur
Q33: Where is the oil refinery located in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Mathura
Q34: Where is the terracotta industry located in Uttar Pradesh?
ANSWER: Gorakhpur
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